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Zachary Roth

Writing

Finance

  1. Lithium market outlook for 2026Explains why growing battery demand can coexist with a well-supplied lithium market in 2026. (opens in a new tab)
  2. Nickel market outlook for 2026Explains how Indonesian supply growth pressured nickel prices despite rising battery demand. (opens in a new tab)
  3. Copper market outlook for 2026Explains copper risk through concentrate scarcity, processing concentration, trade policy, and demand. (opens in a new tab)
  4. Comparing Bitcoin with goldCompares Bitcoin and gold by scarcity, portability, divisibility, and verifiability, and asks how much of each asset's demand is mimetic.
  5. Decentralized finance: Open access and remaining risksMakes an October 2022 case for open protocol access in DeFi, separated from the custody, market, and regulatory risks and control points that remain.
  6. How easy money creates demand for scarce status goodsConnects easy money, Veblen goods, and status signals to the 2021 cryptocurrency boom, and asks when scarcity and price themselves drive demand.
  7. How derivatives and spot markets set pricesExplains when hedging, liquidity, and leverage let derivatives positions feed back into spot prices, from the 1987 market crash to crypto derivatives.

Technology

  1. PolicyStrata: Test policy drift across LLM data-agent layersDescribes PolicyStrata tests for policy drift across agents, queries, databases, and release controls. (opens in a new tab)
  2. Audit Windows kernel driver accessShows how to find Windows kernel drivers installed by anti-cheat, security, and other software, and decide whether each function justifies the risk.
  3. What the CrowdStrike outage revealed about kernel riskExplains how a faulty CrowdStrike update crashed an estimated 8.5 million Windows devices in July 2024, and sketches a multi-tier kernel isolation design.
  4. How generative AI disrupted search in 2023Examines how ChatGPT and Bing's answer interface changed search competition and user behavior in early 2023, with notes on what aged quickly.
  5. Web3: Ownership, tokens, and practical riskExamines Web3 ownership claims, token funding, interoperability, and risk, and separates holding portable assets from owning a company or network.
  6. Web 2.0: User-generated content and advertising dataExplains how user-generated content, network effects, and advertising data helped a few platforms gain strong positions in search, social media, and commerce.
  7. Web 1.0: The read-mostly webExplains how the read-mostly web of roughly 1990–2004 established open publishing protocols, in the first essay of a three-part web history series.

Crypto

  1. A universal CLI for perpetual decentralized exchangesDescribes a CLI designed to standardize trading and risk controls across perpetual decentralized exchanges.
  2. Building Crypto-Repos from open-source dataExplains how Crypto-Repos, a now-offline directory, turned Aptos, Sui, and Base repository data into searchable metrics, and where that data falls short.
  3. Blockchain account access still depends on financial railsShows why onboarding, offboarding, and censorship risk still tie blockchain accounts to banks, card networks, exchanges, and payment providers.
  4. How BIP-39 phrases produce wallet keysExplains how BIP-39 mnemonic phrases, checksums, and optional passphrases derive the seed, private keys, public keys, and addresses of HD wallets.
  5. Can cryptocurrency serve people without reliable banking?Tests whether cryptocurrency can serve people without reliable banking, weighing self-custody against on-ramp dependence, liquidity risk, and user safety.
  6. Cryptocurrency adoption across African marketsTracks cryptocurrency adoption, remittances, currency pressures, and regulation across African markets through country-level notes rather than one thesis.
  7. Self-custody, part 2: Recovery and inheritanceCompares custody models, physical backups, recovery methods, and inheritance planning, and the costs each adds, in part 2 of a self-custody series.
  8. Self-custody, part 1: Wallet control and securityExplains how addresses, private keys, and recovery phrases give users direct wallet control, and the security duties that come with it, in part 1 of a series.
  9. How automated market maker liquidity pools workExplains how automated market maker pools price trades with the constant product formula, what liquidity providers earn, and the risks they take on.
  10. Blockchain foundations: Accounts, consensus, and settlementExplains how blockchains order transactions and agree on state, covering consensus, accounts, smart contracts, privacy, and censorship resistance.
  11. How Nansen turned blockchain data into market intelligenceExplains how Nansen used wallet labels and blockchain data for market intelligence in 2021. (opens in a new tab)
  12. How NFT tickets can change event marketsExamines how NFT tickets could change event access, resale, and artist relationships. (opens in a new tab)
  13. How noncustodial wallets transfer control and riskExplains how noncustodial wallets hand key control, security, and recovery to users, and the limits of that control, such as token issuer freezes.
  14. How permissionless systems work and where access failsExplains how permissionless blockchains let developers deploy DeFi, NFT, and DAO applications, and where fees, law, and counterparty risk limit access.
  15. Decentralized finance essentialsExplains the protocols, stablecoins, governance, and risks that defined DeFi in late 2021, and why DeFi changes trust rather than removing it.
  16. How NounsDAO funded a community through daily auctionsExplains how NounsDAO used daily NFT auctions to fund its treasury and proposals, with its on-chain design and governance tradeoffs as of August 2021.
  17. How Boson Protocol designed tokenized commerceExplains Boson Protocol's 2021 design for tokenizing physical commerce with commitment tokens and NFTs, a historical snapshot of a since-redesigned protocol.

Music

  1. Classifying word reversal in cyclic scalesClassifies how the ordered interval words of Messiaen's seven modes behave under exact reversal, with Lean-checked results, datasets, and a tool.